Adangme (also called Dangme), is a Kwa language spoken in south-eastern Ghana by 800,000 people.

Some sources list Adangbe as another name for the same language whereas Ethnologue lists it as a different language in the Left bank branch of the Kwa family.

Oromo, also known as Afaan Oromoo or Oromiffa(a) and sometimes in other languages as variant spellings of these names (Oromigna, Afan Oromo, etc.), is an Afro-Asiatic language, and the most widely spoken of the CushiticArabic, some (including SIL) view it as a set of closely related languages, but, at least within Ethiopia, its speakers consider it to be a single language. It is spoken by approximately 24–5 million Oromos and other neighboring nationalities in Ethiopia and in Kenya. Formerly the language and people were often referred to by non-Oromos within Ethiopia as well as by Europeans as Galla, but this term is considered pejorative by the Oromos and is no longer used.

Akan languages are those languages belonging to the Kwa language family spoken in Ghana and the Côte d'Ivoire

Akan is also the name of a major Ghanaian language spoken comprising these dialects:

• Twi - Both the Akuapem and Asante (Ashanti) dialects - identified as 83g in the MN Home Language Code list.
• Fante (Fanti, Mfantse) - identified as 83d in the MN Home Language Code list.
  

Albanian is a language spoken by over 6 million people, primarily in Albania, Serbia including Kosovo, Greece, Montenegro, and the Republic of Macedonia but also in other parts of the Balkans, along the eastern coast of Italy and in Sicily, as well as by a significant diaspora in Scandinavia, Germany, Greece, Italy, the UK, Egypt, Australia, Turkey, and the USA. The language forms its own distinct branch of the Indo-European language family.

Amharic is a Semitic language spoken in North Central Ethiopia by the Amhara. It is the second most spoken Semitic language in the world, after Arabic, and the "official working" language of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and thus has official status and use nationwide. Amharic is also the official or working language of several of the states within the federal system, including Amhara Region, the multi-ethnic Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region, and Afar Region, despite the latter's homogeneity. It has been the working language of government, the military, and of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church throughout modern times. Outside Ethiopia, Amharic is the language of some 2.7 million emigrants (notably in Egypt, Israel and Sweden), and is spoken in Eritrea by educated Eritreans of the preindependence generation and younger deportees from Ethiopia.

It is written, with some adaptations, with the Ge'ez alphabet (used for the language of the same name) called fidel in Ethiopian Semitic languages (ፊደል fĭdel 'alphabet,' 'letter,' or 'character').

 see Ojibwe

see Ojibwe

Arabic is the largest member of the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family (classification: South Central Semitic) and is closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic. It is spoken throughout the Arab world and is widely studied and known throughout the Islamic world. Classical Arabic has been a literary language since at least the 6th century and is the liturgical language of Islam. Because of its liturgical role, Arabic has lent many words to other Islamic languages, akin to the role Latin has in Western European languages. During the Middle Ages Arabic was also a major vehicle of culture, especially in science, mathematics and philosophy, with the result that many European languages have also borrowed numerous words from it. The Arabic script is written from right to left.

The Armenian language is an Indo-European language spoken by the Armenian people in the Republic of Armenia, in Georgia (especially in Samtskhe-Javakheti), Mountainous Karabakh (Nagorno-Karabakh) and also used by the Armenian Diaspora. It constitutes an independent branch of the Indo-European language family, though many Indo-Europeanists believe it forms a subgroup with the Greek and Indo-Iranian families (see Clackson 1994 for extensive discussion).

see Indonesian

See Bengali

Bantu is a major language family of Africa,  belonging to the Niger-Congo group. Bantu languages are spoken in south Cameroon, and in the south-eastern region of Nigeria close to the Cameroonian border, in Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, Kenya and the southern tip of Somalia, Tanzania, Angola, Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Namibia, Botswana, and South Africa. This wide expansion makes the Bantu family the most widespread language family in Africa, with about 310 million speakers.

See Bassa (Cameroon)

See Bassa (Cameroon)

The Bassa (also spelled Basa or Basaa) are an ethnic group in Cameroon. These people, numbering approximately 230,000, are Bantu. Their language is the Basaa language.

The Bassa are a people of Liberia, living in Grand Bassa, Rivercess, and Montserrado counties, who speak a Kru language. They number about 350,000 (as of 1991). They have their own writing system, called "Bassa" or "Vah," which was developed around 1900. There are also about 5000 in Sierra Leone. They practice Christianity, as well as indigenous religions.

Bengali or Bangla is an Indo-Aryan language of East South Asia, evolved from Prakrit, Pali and Sanskrit.

With nearly 200 million native speakers, Bengali is one of the most widely spoken languages of the world (it is ranked between four^[1] and seven^[2] based on the number of speakers). Bengali is the main language spoken in Bangladesh, and the third most commonly spoken language in India (after Hindi-Urdu and Telugu). Along with Assamese, it is geographically the most eastern of the Indo-European languages.

See Edo

The Brahui language is mainly spoken in Balochistan, Pakistan, although also in Afghanistan and Iran by the Brahui. It reportedly [1] has about two million speakers in Pakistan (1998), and a tenth that number elsewhere. In Pakistan it is mainly spoken in the Kalat region of Balochistan.

Although it is a Dravidian language, it has been heavily influenced by the Iranian languages spoken in the area such as Balochi.

Brahui is generally considered to be a remnant of a formerly more widespread Dravidian language family that was reduced during the Indo-Aryan migration. It is also sometimes speculated that Brahui might be a direct legacy of the Indus Valley Civilisation. Other hypotheses suggest that such languages may have arised through Aryan and Dravidian assimilation during the later phases of Proto-Vedic Continuity

Bulgarian is an Indo-European language, a member of the Southern branch of the Slavic languages. Bulgarian demonstrates several linguistic innovations that set it apart from other Slavic languages, such as the elimination of noun declension, the development of a suffixed definite article (see Balkan linguistic union), the lack of a verb infinitive, and the retention and further development of the proto-Slavic verb system. There are various verb forms to express nonwitnessed, retold, and doubtful action.

Bulgarian is closely related to Macedonian, generally recognized as a distinct language, although the prevalent opinion in Bulgaria, to some extent in Greece, and that of certain international linguists is that Bulgarian and Macedonian are two standard forms of the same diasystem.

The Burmese language is the official language of Myanmar. Although the government officially recognises the language as Myanmar, most continue to refer to the language as Burmese. It is the mother tongue of the Bamar, Rakhine, and other related sub-ethnic groups of the Bamar. Burmese is a member of the Tibeto-Burman languages, which is a subfamily of the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. It is spoken by 32 million as a first language, and as a second language by minorities in Myanmar. Burmese is a tonal and analytic language. The language utilises the Burmese script, which derives from the Mon script and ultimately from the Brāhmī script.

Khmer or Cambodian, the language of the Khmer people of Cambodia, is one of the main Austroasiatic languages. Sanskrit and Pali have had considerable influence on the language, through the vehicles of Buddhism and Hinduism. As result of their geographic proximity, the Khmer language has influenced Thai and Laotian and vice versa.

Khmer is somewhat unusual among its neighboring languages (Thai, Laotian and Vietnamese) in that it is not a tonal language.

see Spanish

see Spanish

Chinese is a language (or language family) that forms part of the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. According to Guinness World Records 2006, Chinese, with 915 million speakers in the Mandarin dialect alone, is the most commonly spoken language in the world. About one-fifth of the people in the world speak some form of Chinese as their native language.

In general, all varieties of Chinese are tonal and analytic. However, spoken Chinese is also distinguished for a high level of internal diversity. Regional variation between different variants/dialects is comparable in many respects to the Romance language family; many variants of spoken Chinese are different enough to be mutually incomprehensible.

There are between six and twelve main regional groups of Chinese (depending on classification scheme), of which the most populous by far is Mandarin (c. 800 million), followed by Wu (c. 90 million), and Cantonese (Yue; c. 70 million). The identification of the varieties of Chinese as “languages” or “dialects” is a controversial issue. If Chinese is classified as a single language rather than a group of languages, it has the largest number of speakers in the world; if not then speakers of English as a first and second language number more, though Mandarin still holds the title for most native speakers.

see Shona

see Serbo-Croatian

see Serbo-Croatian

Cutchi, Kutchi or Kachhi (also spelled Kachchhi) is an Indo-Aryan Language spoken in the Kutch region of the Indian state of Gujarat, with approximately 866,000 speakers. It is spoken by the Kutchi people; specifically, these are the Bhanushalis(traditionaly known as Bhunsari in Kutchi), Brahmins (Rajgor Ganyathy - Bhuj) Megvals, Visa Oshwal and Dasa Osval (Oshwal) Jains, Lwanas, followers of satpanth,and various Muslim communities in the region, as well as by the Khojas, who use the language for liturgical purposes.

Kachhi is closely related to Sindhi, spoken in neighboring Sindh, Pakistan. Kachhi is often mistakenly thought to be a mixture of Sindhi, Gujarati, Punjabi, and Rajasthani. This may be because Kachhi phonology is very much like that of Sindhi, but the vocabulary is closer to that of Gujarati.

Dakota language, the language of the Santee, which is now considered a dialect of the Sioux language

Sioux has 3 major regional varieties, with various sub-lects:

1. Santee (a.k.a. Dakota)
   • Santee
   • Sisseton
2. Yankton (a.k.a. Yankton-Yanktonai, Nakota)
   • Yankton
   • Yanktonai
3. Lakota (a.k.a. Lakhota, Teton, Teton Sioux)
   • Northern Lakota
   • Southern Lakota
     

See Adangme

Dutch is a West Germanic language spoken by around 22 million people, mainly in the Netherlands and Belgium ^[1].

see Marshallese

Edo (also called Bini) is a Benue-Congo language spoken in Edo State, Nigeria by approximately 1,000,000 people.

The Efik people are a branch of the Ibibio, who in the early 1600s migrated down the Cross River and founded numerous settlements in the Creek Town-Duke Town area (now in Cross River State, Nigeria), and across the river in Cameroon. This area of Nigeria is now known as Calabar and is not to be confused with Kalabari (sometimes 'New Calabar') in the Rivers State, a 100 miles to the west.

Ibibio is a Cross River language spoken by 1,5 to 2 million Ibibio in the Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Because of its importance in trade and education in the region, many Annang and Efik people also speak Ibibio. Ibibio is a member of the Benue-Congo group, which forms part of the Niger-Congo language family. It is closely related to Efik.

English is a widely distributed language that originated in England but is now the primary language in numerous countries. It is extensively used as a second language and as an official language in many other countries, is the most widely taught and understood language in the world, and is sometimes described as a lingua franca.

see Spanish

Estonian is the official language of Estonia, spoken by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and by some ten thousands in various émigré communities. It is a Finno-Ugric language and is related to Finnish and distantly to Hungarian. It has been influenced by German — initially Middle Low German, later also standard German, Russian, Swedish and Latvian, though it is not related to them genetically.

Ethiopian Semitic languages (sometimes Ethiopic, or Ethiosemitic for short) is a language group which together with Old South Arabian forms the Western branch of the South Semitic languages. The name 'Ethiopian Semitic languages' can be considered a misnomer as the north languages are also found in Eritrea with two of them being exclusively used there.

Ewe is a Kwa language spoken in Ghana and Togo by approximately three million people (Capo 1991). Ewe is part of a cluster of related languages commonly called Gbe, stretching from eastern Ghana to Western Nigeria. Other Gbe languages include Fon and Aja. Like other Gbe languages, Ewe is a tonal language.

Fante is one of the languages spoken in Ghana. It is like Twi and Asante, a dialect of Akan. It is classified as Niger-Congo, which is a branch of Niger-Kordofanian. One notable speaker is Kofi Annan.

see Persian

See Pilipino below.  Note that although Filipino is the official name, the MN list of home languages still lists Pilipino - therefore it is listed under that heading.. 

Finnish (suomi) is the language spoken by the majority of the population in Finland (92%[2] as mother tongue) and by ethnic Finns outside Finland. It is also an official language in Finland and an official minority language in Sweden, in the form of standard Finnish as well as Meänkieli, and in Norway in the form of Kven.

Finnish is a member of the Finno-Ugric language family and is classified as an agglutinative language. It modifies the forms of nouns, adjectives, pronouns, numerals and verbs depending on their roles in the sentence.

French (français) is the third-largest of the Romance languages in terms of number of native speakers, after Spanish and Portuguese, being spoken by about 150 million people as a mother tongue or fluently. As a Romance language, it is a daughter language of Latin, although there has been significant borrowing from Ancient Greek.

It is an official language in 30 countries.

French is also an official or administrative language in several communities and international organisations (such as the European Union, International Olympic Committee, World Trade Organization, NATO, FINA, FIA, UCI, FIFA, World Anti-Doping Agency, United Nations, African Union, International Court of Justice, IHO, International Secretariat for Water, International Political Science Association, International Bureau of Weights and Measures, European Broadcasting Union, ESA, Universal Postal Union, Interpol and so on) and is among the six official languages of the United Nations and of all its agencies.

see Fulani

The Fula language is a language of West Africa, spoken by the Fula people from Senegal to Cameroon and Sudan. It belongs to the Atlantic branch of the Niger-Congo language family.

There are many names for the Fula people and their language. The Hausa call them the Fulani, while the Wolof use Pël and the Mandinka people Fula. The Fula call themselves Fulbe (plural), Pullo (singular). Speakers of western dialects call their language Pulaar or Pular, while eastern dialects use Fulfulde.

see Luganda

German (Deutsch (help·info)) is a West Germanic language. It is a member of the western group of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family and one of the world's major languages. Around the world, German is spoken by approximately 110 million native speakers and another 18 million non-native speakers [1].

Worldwide, German accounts for the most written translations into and from a language (according to the Guinness Book of Records).

Greek has a documented history of 3,500 years, the longest of any single language within the Indo-European family. It is also one of the earliest attested Indo-European languages, with fragmentary records in Mycenaean dating back to the 15th or 14th century BC, matched only by the Anatolian languages and Vedic Sanskrit. Today, it is spoken by approximately 15 million people in Greece, Cyprus, Albania, Bulgaria, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Italy, Turkey and emigrant communities around the world.

Greek has been written in the Greek alphabet (the first to introduce vowels), since the 9th century BC in Greece (before that in Linear B), and the 4th century BC in Cyprus (before that in Cypriot syllabary). Greek literature has a continuous history of nearly 3000 years.

Gurma (also called Gorma or Gourmantche) is an ethnic group living mainly in Burkina Faso, around Fada N'gourma, and also in northern areas of Togo and Benin. They number approximately 1,150,000.

They might include the Bassaries who live in northern Togo and the Northern Volta of Ghana

see Harari

Harari (sometimes (H)aderi or (H)adere) is the language of the Harari people of Ethiopia. According to the 1998 Ethiopian census, it is spoken by 21,283 people. Most of its speakers are multilingual in Amharic and/or Oromo. Harari is closely related to Zay and Silt'e.

Hausa is the Chadic language with the largest number of speakers, spoken as a first language by about 24 million people, and as a second language by about 15 million more.

Hebrew is a Semitic language of the Afro-Asiatic language family spoken by more than seven million people in Israel and Jewish communities around the world. In Israel, it is the de facto language of the state and the people, as well as being one of the two official languages (together with Arabic), and is spoken by a majority of the population. The core of the Tanakh is written in Classical Hebrew, and much of its present form is specifically in the dialect of Biblical Hebrew that scholars believe flourished around the 6th century BCE, near the Babylonian exile. For this reason, Hebrew has been referred to by Jews as Lĕshôn Ha-Kôdesh, "the Sacred Language," since ancient times.

Hindī is an Indo-European language spoken mainly in northern and central India, is the official language of the Union government of India^{[1] [2]}. It is part of a dialect continuum of the Indic family, bounded on the northwest and west by Punjabi, Sindhi, Urdu, and Gujarati; on the south by Marathi; on the southeast by Oriya; on the east by Bengali; and on the north by Nepali

Hmong (Hmong Der: Hmoob) or Mong (Mong Leng: Moob) is the common name for a group of dialects of the West Hmongic branch of the Hmong-Mien/Miao-Yao language family spoken by the Hmong people of Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, northern Vietnam, Thailand, and Laos.^[2][1] including 170,000 Hmong Americans.^[3] Some dialects are mutually intelligible while others are so distinct as to be considered separate languages.

The total number of speakers worldwide has been estimated to be over 4 million,

see Hmong

see Efik or Wikipedia entry for Ibibio

Igbo (also known, less commonly, as Ibo; asụsụ Ndi Igbo in Igbo) is a language spoken in Nigeria by around 18 million speakers (the Igbo), especially in the southeastern region once identified as Biafra. The language was used by John Goldsmith as an example to justify going away from the classical linear model of phonology as laid out in The Sound Pattern of English. It is written in the Roman script. Igbo is a tonal language, like Yoruba and Chinese. Most Igbo people prefer that the language be spelled Igbo rather than Ibo.

Icelandic (íslenska) is a North Germanic language spoken in Iceland. Its closest relative is Faroese and can be somewhat understood by some Norwegians as well, depending on their dialect and education.

see Ibo

Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia) is the official language of Indonesia. Indonesian is a standardized dialect of the Malay language that was officially defined with the declaration of Indonesian independence in 1945, and the two languages remain quite similar.

The language is spoken fluently as a second language by most Indonesians, who use a regional language (examples are Minangkabau and Javanese) at home and in their local community. Most formal education, as well as nearly all national media and other communication, are in Indonesian. In East Timor, Indonesian is recognized by the constitution as one of the two working languages (the other is English).

The Indonesian name for the language is Bahasa Indonesia (literally language of Indonesia); this name is sometimes used in English as well. The language is sometimes called "Bahasa" by English-speakers, though this simply means "language" in Indonesian.

Italian (italiano (help·info), or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 70 million people, primarily in Italy. Standard Italian was strongly influenced by the Tuscan dialect and is somewhat intermediate between Italo-Dalmatian languages of the South and Gallo-Italian languages of the North. Like many languages written using the Latin alphabet, Italian has double consonants. However, contrary to, for example, French and Spanish, double consonants are pronounced as long (geminated) in Italian. As in most Romance languages (with the notable exception of French), stress is distinctive. Out of the Romance languages, Italian is generally considered to be the one most closely resembling Latin in terms of vocabulary^{[citation needed]}, though Romanian most closely preserves the declension system of Classical Latin while Sardinian is the most conservative in terms of phonology.

Japanese (Nihongo (help·info)) is a language spoken by over 127 million people, mainly in Japan, but also by Japanese emigrant communities around the world. It is considered an agglutinative language and is distinguished by a complex system of honorifics reflecting the hierarchical nature of Japanese society, with verb forms and particular vocabulary which indicate the relative status of speaker and listener. The sound inventory of Japanese is relatively small, and it has a lexically distinct pitch-accent system. Its recorded history goes back to the 8th century, when the three major works of Old Japanese were compiled.

The Japanese language is written with a combination of three different types of glyphs: Chinese characters (called kanji), and two syllabic scripts, hiragana and katakana. The Latin alphabet (called rōmaji) is also often used in modern Japanese, especially for things such as company names, advertising, and when inputting Japanese into a computer. Western style Arabic numerals are generally used for numbers, but traditional Chinese/Japanese numberings are also commonplace.

Japanese vocabulary has been heavily influenced by loans from other languages. A vast number of words were borrowed from Chinese, or created on Chinese models, over a period of at least 1,500 years. Since the late 19th century, Japanese has borrowed a considerable number of words from Western languages, primarily English.

see Cutchi

see Cutchi

The Karen languages are spoken by the Karen people and are classified as part of the Tibeto-Burman group of the Sino-Tibetan language family. The three main branches are Sgaw, Pwo, and Pa'o; they are not considered to be mutually intelligible^[1]. Karenni (also known Kayah or Red Karen) and Kayan (also known as Padaung) are related to the Sgaw branch. They are almost unique among the Tibeto-Burman languages in having a Subject Verb Object word order; other than Karen and Bai, Tibeto-Burman languages feature a Subject Object Verb order ^[2]. This is likely due to influence from neighboring Mon and Tai languages^[3]. The languages are also considered unusual for not having any Chinese influence.^[4]

see Karen Languages

see Nepali

see Karen Languages

see Karen Languages

see Nepali

see Cambodian

see Rwanda

see Swahili 

The Klingon alphabet (tlhIngan pIqaD) is the creation of an unknown inventor at Paramount. In the Star Trek TV series and movies random letters from the alphabet are used for effect. There is no official mapping of the Klingon letters to the Latin alphabet, but the one shown below is generally used by tlhIngan pIqaD enthusiasts. Most people who speak Klingon prefer to use the Latin alphabet to write it.

The Korean language is the official language of both North and South Korea. The language is also one of the two official languages (the other is Standard Mandarin) in neighbouring Yanbian, China. Worldwide, there are around 80 million Korean speakers, including large groups in the former Soviet Union, China, Australia, the United States, Canada, Brazil, Japan, and more recently, the Philippines.

The genealogical classification of Korean is debated. Many linguists place it in the Altaic language family; some others consider it to be a language isolate. Korean is agglutinative in its morphology and SOV in its syntax. Like Japanese and Vietnamese, Korean has borrowed much vocabulary from Chinese or created vocabulary on Chinese models.

Krio is a creole language native to the Krios, a community of about 250,000 descendants of freed slaves living in Sierra Leone's capital city of Freetown. It is also spoken as a lingua franca, or second language, by about 4 million Sierra Leoneans of other ethnic groups, and by thousands of Krio descendants living in other parts of West Africa.

The vocabulary of Krio is derived primarily from English, while its sound system, grammar and sentence structure are heavily influenced by African languages, particularly the Yoruba language of Nigeria. Krio's standard greeting kushe, for instance, is derived from the Yoruba greeting è kú işé ("greetings on your work").

See also the Keriu language and Krio Dayak language of Indonesia.

The Kurdish language is an Indo-Iranian language spoken in the region called Kurdistan, including Kurdish populations in parts of Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey.^[1] Kurdish is an official language in Iraq while it is banned in Syria where it is forbidden to publish material in Kurdish ^[2]. Before August 2002, the Turkish government placed severe restrictions on the use of Kurdish, prohibiting the language in education and broadcast media.^[3] The Kurdish alphabet is still not recognized in Turkey, and use of the Kurdish letters X, W, Q which do not exist in the Turkish alphabet have led to judicial persecution in 2000 and 2003 ^{[4] [5]}. In Iran, though it is used in the local media and newspapers, it is not allowed to be taught in schools ^{[6] [7]}. As a result many Iranian Kurds have left for Iraq where they can study in their native language.^[8]

The Kurdish language belongs to the western sub-group of the Iranian languages which belong to the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages family. The most closely related languages to Kurdish are Balochi, Gileki and Talysh, all of which belong to the north-western branch of Iranian languages. Persian which belongs to the south-western branch, is also considered a related language.

See Cutchi

Lao is the official language of Laos. It is a tonal language of the Tai family, and is so closely related to the Isan language of the northeast region of Thailand that the two are often classed as one language. The writing system of Lao is an abugida (a writing system composed of signs denoting consonants with an inherent following vowel) and is closely related to the writing system used in Thai.

see Lao above

Lithuanian is the official language of Lithuania, spoken by about 4 million native speakers (Lithuanians). The Lithuanian name for the language is lietuvių kalba.

Tshiluba (also called Luba-Kasai and Luba-Lulua) is a Bantu language spoken in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, where it is a national language.

Tai Lü (or Tai Lue, Tai Le;  Xishuangbanna Dai; Chi Dǎilèyǔ; Vietnamese: Lự or Lữ) is a language spoken by about 670,000 people in South East Asia. This includes 250,000 people in China, 200,000 in Burma, 134,000 in Thailand, and 5,000 in Vietnam. The language is similar to other Tai languages.

Luganda, also known as Ganda, is a Bantu language. It is spoken mainly in the Buganda region of Uganda by a population of over three million people. With 100,000 second language speakers, it is the most widely spoken second language in Uganda next to English. The language is used in some primary schools in Buganda as pupils begin to learn English, the official language of Uganda.

Malayalam is the language spoken predominantly in the state of Kerala, in southern India. It is one of the 23 official languages of India, spoken by around 36 million people. A native speaker of Malayalam is called a "Malayali". Malayalam is also spoken in the Union territories of Lakshadweep and Pondicherry (in Mahé/Mayyazhi).

The language belongs to the family of Dravidian languages. Both the language and its writing system are closely related to Tamil. Malayalam has a script of its own.

Marathi is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Maharashtrian people of western India. It serves as the official language of the state of Maharashtra, with roughly ninety million fluent speakers worldwide. Marathi ranks 4th in India according to the number of speakers as their primary language.

The Marshallese language (Marshallese: Kajin M̧ajeļ or Kajin Majõl ) or Ebon is a Malayo-Polynesian language of the Marshall Islands.

The Mende language is a major language of Sierra Leone, with some speakers in neighboring Liberia. It is spoken both by the Mende people and by other ethnic groups as a regional lingua franca. Mende belongs to the Mande branch of the Niger-Congo language family. In 1921, Kisimi Kamara invented a syllabary for Mende he called Ki-ka-ku. The script achieved widespread use for a time but has largely been replaced with an orthography using the Latin alphabet.

Mongolian is the best-known member of the Mongolic language family, and the primary language of most of the residents of Mongolia. It is also spoken in some of the surrounding areas in provinces of China and Russia. The majority of speakers in Mongolia speak the Khalkha (or Halh) dialect, while those in China speak the Chahar, Oyirad, and Barghu-Buryat dialect groups.

See Burmese

Nepali (Khaskura) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in Nepal, Bhutan, and some parts of India and Myanmar (Burma). It is the official language of Nepal. Roughly half the population of Nepal speaks Nepali as a mother tongue, and many other Nepalese speak it as a second language.

Nepali goes by various names. English speakers generally call it Nepali or Nepalese (i.e. the language of Nepal).

There are a total of 250 languages spoken in Nigeria which correspond with the estimated number of ethnic groups in Nigeria. To facilitate cultural and linguistic unity, English was chosen as the official language. The major languages spoken in Nigeria are Hausa, Yoruba, and Igbo.

Norwegian is a Germanic language spoken in Norway. Norwegian is closely related to and generally mutually intelligible with Swedish and Danish. Together with these two languages as well as Faroese and Icelandic, Norwegian belongs to the North Germanic languages (also called Scandinavian languages). Due to isolation, Faroese and Icelandic are no longer mutually intelligible with Norwegian in their spoken form, because mainland Scandinavian has diverged from them.

As established by law and governmental policy, there are two official forms of written Norwegian – Bokmål (literally "book language") and Nynorsk (literally "new Norwegian"). The Norwegian Language Council recommends the terms "Norwegian Bokmål" and "Norwegian Nynorsk" in English, but these are seldom used.

The Nuer language is a Nilo-Saharan language of the Western Nilotic group. It is spoken by the Nuer tribe in southern Sudan.

The Anishinaabe language or the Ojibwe group of languages or Anishinaabemowin is the third most commonly spoken Native language in Canada (after Cree and Inuktitut), and the fourth most spoken in North America (behind Navajo, Cree, and Inuktitut). It is spoken by the Anishinaabeg who are the Algonquin, Nipissing, Ojibwa (Chippewa), Saulteaux, Mississaugas and Odawa (Ottawa). Very closely related to Anishinaabemowin and often included in this group are the Anishininimowin language and the Potawatomi language.

see Afaan Oromoo

See Afaan Oromo

see Karen Languages

see Punjabi

see Karen Languages

Patois, although without a formal definition in linguistics, can be used to describe a language considered as nonstandard. Depending upon the instance, it can refer to pidgins, creoles, dialects, and other forms of native or local speech, but is not commonly applied to jargon or slang, which are vocabulary-based forms of cant.